Crude Oil
Petroleum (Petra = rock, oleum = oil) is a naturally occurring, highly flammable tar-black crude or unprocessed oil found deep under the earth’s crust, formed by combination of various hydrocarbons (chain compounds containing carbon and hydrogen arranged in different patterns) and minerals like sulfur over a period of millions of years under high pressure and temperature. It is also a type of fossil fuel formed from decayed plants and animals, buried deep under the water bodies under high pressure over a period of millions of years.
The main hydrocarbons types (with their general formula) present in petroleum or crude oil are as follows:
- Aromatic (C6H5-Y)
- Paraffin (CnH2n+2)
- Napthenes (CnH2n)
- Alkenes (CnH2n)
- Alkynes (CnH2n-2)
It is classified into various categories depending on the geographical location of its production, sulfur content (Sweet and sour) and its API density (light and heavy).
After studying and analyzing the structural geology and the scale of potential reservoir at a site, petroleum is extracted mainly through oil drilling, which is further refined and is used in production of large variety of products ranging from petrol, LPG and kerosene to production of reagents useful in plastic and pharmaceutical companies.
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